GHSA-23wf-92cp-8pcj Echo has Arbitrary Scheme Injection in WWWRedirect/NonWWWRedirect Middlewares via X-Forwarded-Proto

• Go github.com/labstack/echo/v5: < 5.1.1 → fixed in 5.1.1 • Go github.com/labstack/echo/v4: < 4.15.2 → fixed in 4.15.2

Summary The `c.Scheme()` method in Echo (`context.go:162-181`) trusts the `X-Forwarded-Proto`, `X-Forwarded-Protocol`, and `X-Url-Scheme` request headers without validating that the value is `http` or `https`. The `WWWRedirect()` and `NonWWWRedirect()` middlewares use this unsanitized scheme to construct redirect URLs, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary URI schemes into the `Location` response header. Affected Components • `context.go:162-181` - `Scheme()` method returns attacker-controlled value verbatim • `middleware/redirect.go:172-184` - `redirectWWW`/`redirectNonWWW` use unsanitized scheme Proof of Concept ``` GET /path HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com X-Forwarded-Proto: javascript Response: HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Location: javascript://www.example.com/path ``` Confirmed injectable schemes: `javascript`, `data`, `vbscript`, `file`, `ftp`, `ssh`, `telnet`, `gopher`. Only `WWWRedirect()` and `NonWWWRedirect()` (and `WithConfig` variants) are affected. `HTTPSRedirect`, `HTTPSWWWRedirect`, `HTTPSNonWWWRedirect` are NOT affected (they hardcode `https://`). Impact • Open redirect to arbitrary scheme URLs when app is not behind a proxy that strips `X-Forwarded-Proto` • Cache poisoning when behind a CDN that caches redirect responses keyed by path • `file://` scheme injection could trigger file access in some browser configurations Suggested Fix Whitelist scheme in `c.Scheme()` to only return `http` or `https`: ```go func (c *Context) Scheme() string { if c.IsTLS() { return "https" } if scheme := c.request.Header.Get(HeaderXForwardedProto); scheme != "" { scheme = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(scheme)) if scheme == "https" { return "https" } } return "http" } ``` Disclosure Source code review, manually verified with actual HTTP server. Tested on Echo v5.0.4 (latest master). Patches Fixed in `github.com/labstack/echo/v5` v5.1.1 and `github.com/labstack/echo/v4` v4.15.2. `Context.Scheme()` now accepts only `http`, `https`, `ws` or `wss` from the `X-Forwarded-Proto`, `X-Forwarded-Protocol` and `X-Url-Scheme` headers, and falls back to `http` for any other value (#2953). Workarounds Upgrade to a patched version. If you cannot upgrade, have your edge proxy overwrite or remove the `X-Forwarded-Proto`, `X-Forwarded-Protocol` and `X-Url-Scheme` request headers.