GHSA-hfr4-7c6c-48w2 Wasmtime has use-after-free bug after cloning `wasmtime::Linker`

• crates.io wasmtime: >= 43.0.0, < 43.0.1 → fixed in 43.0.1

Impact In version 43.0.0 of the `wasmtime` crate, cloning a `wasmtime::Linker` is unsound and can result in use-after-free bugs. This bug is not controllable by guest Wasm programs. It can only be triggered by a specific sequence of embedder API calls made by the host. The typical symptom of this use-after-free bug is a segfault. It does not enable heap corruption or data leakage. If you are using the `wasmtime` CLI, rather than the embedding API, you are not affected. If you are using the embedding API but are not calling `wasmtime::Linker`'s `Clone` implementation, you are not affected. Specifically, the following steps must occur to trigger the bug: • Clone a `wasmtime::Linker` • Drop the original linker instance • Use the new, cloned linker instance, resulting in a use-after-free Patches This bug has been patched in Wasmtime version 43.0.1 Workarounds Wasmtime embedders are highly encouraged to upgrade their `wasmtime` crate dependency. If upgrading is not an option, or as a temporary workaround before upgrading, you can avoid this bug by not cloning `wasmtime::Linker` and instead creating a new, empty `wasmtime::Linker` and manually reregistering the host APIs from the original linker: ```rust use wasmtime::{Linker, Result, Store}; fn clone_linker(linker: &Linker, store: &mut Store) -> Result> { let mut cloned = Linker::new(); for (module, name, item) in linker.iter(store) { cloned.define(module, name, item)?; } Ok(cloned) } ``` References This bug was introduced during an internal refactoring that was part of our efforts to robustly handle allocation failure in Wasmtime. This refactoring introduced an string-interning pool which had an unsound `TryClone`[^try-clone] implementation. [^try-clone]: The `TryClone` trait is our version of the Rust standard library's `Clone` trait that allows for returning `OutOfMemory` errors. • The `StringPool` was introduced in https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/12536, at which time the bug in `TryClone for StringPool` was already present, although this code path was not yet used anywhere. • `wasmtime::Linker` was refactored to internally use `StringPool` in https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/12537, at which time the buggy code path became accessible. • This bug was originally reported to the Wasmtime maintainers as https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/12906