GitHub Advisoryadvisory · npm
GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 ZX Allows Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API
MEDIUM
Official page ↗
- Aliases
- CVE-2025-24959
- Ecosystem
- npm
- Packages
- zx
- Severity
- Moderate
- CVSS vector
- CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- Weaknesses
- CWE-74
- Reviewed
- 2025-02-03
Affected packages
• npm zx: >= 8.3.1, < 8.3.2 → fixed in 8.3.2
Description
Impact
This vulnerability is an Environment Variable Injection issue in `dotenv.stringify`, affecting `google/zx` version 8.3.1.
An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into `process.env`. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through `dotenv.stringify` are particularly vulnerable.
Patches
This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to `dotenv.stringify`. Specifically, avoid using `"`, `'`, and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
References
• Issue Report
• Security Policy
• Google Vulnerability Disclosure
• Patch
Related
Alias · CVE (1)
- CVE-2025-24959 zx is a tool for writing better scripts. vulnerability
Weakness · CWE (1)
- CWE-74 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component weakness
References
- https://github.com/google/zx/security/advisories/GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 web
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24959 advisory
- https://github.com/google/zx/pull/1094 web
- https://github.com/google/zx/commit/5ba714d14ecf0555a74d4db96622840ac19839c5 web
- https://github.com/google/zx package
- https://github.com/webpod/envapi/blob/v0.2.1/src/main/ts/envapi.ts#L74-L77 web