MITRE ATT&CKsub-technique
T1684.001 Impersonation
- Domain
- enterprise
- Tactics
- Stealth
- Platforms
- Linux, macOS, Office Suite, SaaS, Windows
- Version
- 1.0
- Created
- 2026-04-14
Description
Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via Phishing for Information, Phishing, or Internal Spearphishing) while impersonating a known sender such as an executive, colleague, or third-party vendor. Established trust can then be leveraged to accomplish an adversary’s ultimate goals, possibly against multiple victims.
In many cases of business email compromise or email fraud campaigns, adversaries use impersonation to defraud victims -- deceiving them into sending money or divulging information that ultimately enables Financial Theft.
Adversaries will often also use social engineering techniques such as manipulative and persuasive language in email subject lines and body text such as `payment`, `request`, or `urgent` to push the victim to act quickly before malicious activity is detected. These campaigns are often specifically targeted against people who, due to job roles and/or accesses, can carry out the adversary’s goal.
Impersonation is typically preceded by reconnaissance techniques such as Gather Victim Identity Information and Gather Victim Org Information as well as acquiring infrastructure such as email domains (i.e. Domains) to substantiate their false identity.
There is the potential for multiple victims in campaigns involving impersonation. For example, an adversary may Compromise Accounts targeting one organization which can then be used to support impersonation against other entities.
Related
Subtechnique of · MITRE ATT&CK (1)
- T1684 Social Engineering technique
Tactic · MITRE ATT&CK (1)
- TA0005 Stealth tactic
Referenced by MITRE ATT&CK · mitigates (2)
Referenced by MITRE ATT&CK · uses (24)
- G1059 NIMBUS MANTICORE group
- S9064 TRUSTTRAP software (malware)
- G1056 TeamPCP group
- S9037 RustyWater software (malware)
- G1055 VOID MANTICORE group
- G1054 MirrorFace group
- C0059 Salesforce Data Exfiltration campaign
- G1052 Contagious Interview group
- G1046 Storm-1811 group
- G1044 APT42 group
- G1033 Star Blizzard group
- G1031 Saint Bear group
- S1131 NPPSPY software (tool)
- G1015 Scattered Spider group
- C0027 C0027 campaign
- C0022 Operation Dream Job campaign
- G1004 LAPSUS$ group
- G0099 APT-C-36 group
- G0096 APT41 group
- G0094 Kimsuky group
- G0090 WIRTE group
- G0082 APT38 group
- G0069 MuddyWater group
- G0007 APT28 group
Referenced by Compliance · mitigates (1)
- CIS-9.5 Implement DMARC CIS Safeguard v8.1
References
- https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/cybersecurity-101/threat-intelligence/business-email-compromise-bec/ Crowdstrike BEC
- https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/email-security/what-is-vendor-email-compromise/#:~:text=Vendor%20email%20compromise%2C%20also%20referred,steal%20from%20that%20vendor%27s%20customers. VEC