NIST-AC-16 Security and Privacy Attributes

a. Provide the means to associate [Assignment: organization-defined types of security and privacy attributes] with [Assignment: organization-defined security and privacy attribute values] for information in storage, in process, and/or in transmission; b. Ensure that the attribute associations are made and retained with the information; c. Establish the following permitted security and privacy attributes from the attributes defined in [AC-16a](#ac-16_smt.a) for [Assignment: organization-defined systems]: [Assignment: organization-defined security and privacy attributes]; d. Determine the following permitted attribute values or ranges for each of the established attributes: [Assignment: attribute values or ranges]; e. Audit changes to attributes; and f. Review [Assignment: organization-defined security and privacy attributes] for applicability [Assignment: organization-defined frequency].

Information is represented internally within systems using abstractions known as data structures. Internal data structures can represent different types of entities, both active and passive. Active entities, also known as subjects, are typically associated with individuals, devices, or processes acting on behalf of individuals. Passive entities, also known as objects, are typically associated with data structures, such as records, buffers, tables, files, inter-process pipes, and communications ports. Security attributes, a form of metadata, are abstractions that represent the basic properties or characteristics of active and passive entities with respect to safeguarding information. Privacy attributes, which may be used independently or in conjunction with security attributes, represent the basic properties or characteristics of active or passive entities with respect to the management of personally identifiable information. Attributes can be either explicitly or implicitly associated with the information contained in organizational systems or system components. Attributes may be associated with active entities (i.e., subjects) that have the potential to send or receive information, cause information to flow among objects, or change the system state. These attributes may also be associated with passive entities (i.e., objects) that contain or receive information. The association of attributes to subjects and objects by a system is referred to as binding and is inclusive of setting the attribute value and the attribute type. Attributes, when bound to data or information, permit the enforcement of security and privacy policies for access control and information flow control, including data retention limits, permitted uses of personally identifiable information, and identification of personal information within data objects. Such enforcement occurs through organizational processes or system functions or mechanisms. The binding techniques implemented by systems affect the strength of attribute binding to information. Binding strength and the assurance associated with binding techniques play important parts in the trust that organizations have in the information flow enforcement process. The binding techniques affect the number and degree of additional reviews required by organizations. The content or assigned values of attributes can directly affect the ability of individuals to access organizational information. Organizations can define the types of attributes needed for systems to support missions or business functions. There are many values that can be assigned to a security attribute. By specifying the permitted attribute ranges and values, organizations ensure that attribute values are meaningful and relevant. Labeling refers to the association of attributes with the subjects and objects represented by the internal data structures within systems. This facilitates system-based enforcement of information security and privacy policies. Labels include classification of information in accordance with legal and compliance requirements (e.g., top secret, secret, confidential, controlled unclassified), information impact level; high value asset information, access authorizations, nationality; data life cycle protection (i.e., encryption and data expiration), personally identifiable information processing permissions, including individual consent to personally identifiable information processing, and contractor affiliation. A related term to labeling is marking. Marking refers to the association of attributes with objects in a human-readable form and displayed on system media. Marking enables manual, procedural, or process-based enforcement of information security and privacy policies. Security and privacy labels may have the same value as media markings (e.g., top secret, secret, confidential). See [MP-3](#mp-3) (Media Marking).

• T1003 OS Credential Dumping • T1003.003 NTDS • T1005 Data from Local System • T1020.001 Traffic Duplication • T1025 Data from Removable Media • T1040 Network Sniffing • T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel • T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol • T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol • T1048.003 Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol • T1052 Exfiltration Over Physical Medium • T1052.001 Exfiltration over USB • T1070 Indicator Removal • T1070.001 Clear Windows Event Logs • T1070.002 Clear Linux or Mac System Logs • T1070.008 Clear Mailbox Data • T1114 Email Collection • T1114.001 Local Email Collection • T1114.002 Remote Email Collection • T1114.003 Email Forwarding Rule • T1119 Automated Collection • T1213 Data from Information Repositories • T1213.001 Confluence • T1213.002 Sharepoint • T1213.004 Customer Relationship Management Software • T1213.005 Messaging Applications • T1222 File and Directory Permissions Modification • T1222.001 Windows File and Directory Permissions Modification • T1222.002 Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification • T1505 Server Software Component • T1505.002 Transport Agent • T1530 Data from Cloud Storage • T1537 Transfer Data to Cloud Account • T1547.007 Re-opened Applications • T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism • T1548.003 Sudo and Sudo Caching • T1548.006 TCC Manipulation • T1550.001 Application Access Token • T1552 Unsecured Credentials • T1552.004 Private Keys • T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API • T1556.009 Conditional Access Policies • T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle • T1557.002 ARP Cache Poisoning • T1558 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets • T1558.002 Silver Ticket • T1558.003 Kerberoasting • T1558.004 AS-REP Roasting • T1564.004 NTFS File Attributes • T1565 Data Manipulation • T1565.001 Stored Data Manipulation • T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation • T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service • T1602 Data from Configuration Repository • T1602.001 SNMP (MIB Dump) • T1602.002 Network Device Configuration Dump • T1647 Plist File Modification