MITRE ATT&CKsub-technique
T1027.007 Dynamic API Resolution
- Domain
- enterprise
- Tactics
- Stealth
- Platforms
- Windows
- Version
- 2.0
- Created
- 2022-08-22
Description
Adversaries may obfuscate then dynamically resolve API functions called by their malware in order to conceal malicious functionalities and impair defensive analysis. Malware commonly uses various Native API functions provided by the OS to perform various tasks such as those involving processes, files, and other system artifacts.
API functions called by malware may leave static artifacts such as strings in payload files. Defensive analysts may also uncover which functions a binary file may execute via an import address table (IAT) or other structures that help dynamically link calling code to the shared modules that provide functions.
To avoid static or other defensive analysis, adversaries may use dynamic API resolution to conceal malware characteristics and functionalities. Similar to Software Packing, dynamic API resolution may change file signatures and obfuscate malicious API function calls until they are resolved and invoked during runtime.
Various methods may be used to obfuscate malware calls to API functions. For example, hashes of function names are commonly stored in malware in lieu of literal strings. Malware can use these hashes (or other identifiers) to manually reproduce the linking and loading process using functions such as `GetProcAddress()` and `LoadLibrary()`. These hashes/identifiers can also be further obfuscated using encryption or other string manipulation tricks (requiring various forms of Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information during execution).
Related
Subtechnique of · MITRE ATT&CK (1)
- T1027 Obfuscated Files or Information technique
Tactic · MITRE ATT&CK (1)
- TA0005 Stealth tactic
Referenced by MITRE ATT&CK · uses (21)
- S9065 DCSYNCER.SLICK software (malware)
- S9036 LP-Notes software (malware)
- S9020 LODEINFO software (malware)
- S9023 HiddenFace software (malware)
- S9007 HTTPTroy software (malware)
- S1239 TONESHELL software (malware)
- S1232 SplatDropper software (malware)
- S1236 CLAIMLOADER software (malware)
- S1237 CANONSTAGER software (malware)
- S1160 Latrodectus software (malware)
- S1149 CHIMNEYSWEEP software (malware)
- S1148 Raccoon Stealer software (malware)
- S1099 Samurai software (malware)
- S1063 Brute Ratel C4 software (tool)
- S1053 AvosLocker software (malware)
- G0129 Mustang Panda group
- S0534 Bazar software (malware)
- G0094 Kimsuky group
- G0032 Lazarus Group group
- S0013 PlugX software (malware)
- S0147 Pteranodon software (malware)
References
- https://www.huntress.com/blog/hackers-no-hashing-randomizing-api-hashes-to-evade-cobalt-strike-shellcode-detection Huntress API Hash
- https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Choi-API-Deobfuscator-Resolving-Obfuscated-API-Functions-In-Modern-Packers.pdf BlackHat API Packers
- https://dr4k0nia.github.io/posts/HInvoke-and-avoiding-PInvoke/ Drakonia HInvoke
- https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/defense-evasion/windows-api-hashing-in-malware IRED API Hashing