MITRE ATT&CKgroup
G0129 Mustang Panda
- Domain
- enterprise
- Aliases
- TA416, RedDelta, BRONZE PRESIDENT, STATELY TAURUS, FIREANT, CAMARO DRAGON, EARTH PRETA, HIVE0154, TWILL TYPHOON, TANTALUM, LUMINOUS MOTH, UNC6384, TEMP.Hex, Red Lich, ClumsyToad
- Version
- 3.0
- Created
- 2021-04-12
Description
Mustang Panda is a China-based cyber espionage threat actor that has been conducting operations since at least 2012. Mustang Panda has been known to use tailored phishing lures and decoy documents to deliver malicious payloads. Mustang Panda has targeted government, diplomatic, and non-governmental organizations, including think tanks, religious institutions, and research entities, across the United States, Europe, and Asia, with notable activity in Russia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Vietnam.
Related
Uses · MITRE ATT&CK (108)
- T1678 Delay Execution technique
- S1239 TONESHELL software (malware)
- S1232 SplatDropper software (malware)
- S1233 PAKLOG software (malware)
- S1234 SplatCloak software (malware)
- S1235 CorKLOG software (malware)
- S1236 CLAIMLOADER software (malware)
- S1237 CANONSTAGER software (malware)
- S1238 STATICPLUGIN software (malware)
- S1230 HIUPAN software (malware)
- S1228 PUBLOAD software (malware)
- S1226 BOOKWORM software (malware)
- S1227 StarProxy software (malware)
- T1176.002 IDE Extensions sub-technique
- T1219.002 Remote Desktop Software sub-technique
- T1219.001 IDE Tunneling sub-technique
- T1027.016 Junk Code Insertion sub-technique
- T1027.012 LNK Icon Smuggling sub-technique
- T1654 Log Enumeration technique
- T1036.008 Masquerade File Type sub-technique
- T1027.007 Dynamic API Resolution sub-technique
- T1622 Debugger Evasion technique
- S0662 RCSession software (malware)
- S0645 Wevtutil software (tool)
- T1036.007 Double File Extension sub-technique
- S0596 ShadowPad software (malware)
- S0590 NBTscan software (tool)
- T1608 Stage Capabilities technique
- T1608.001 Upload Malware sub-technique
- S0552 AdFind software (tool)
Referenced by MITRE ATT&CK · attributed to (1)
- C0047 RedDelta Modified PlugX Infection Chain Operations campaign
References
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/2026-threat-report/ Cloudflare 2026 Threat Report New Threat Actors March 2026
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/23/mustang-panda-hodur-old-tricks-new-korplug-variant/ Eset PlugX Korplug Mustang Panda March 2022
- https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019
- https://blog.talosintelligence.com/mustang-panda-targets-europe/ Cisco Talos MUSTANG PANDA PLUGX PUBLOAD MAY 2022
- https://www.broadcom.com/support/security-center/protection-bulletin/bookworm-malware-linked-to-fireant-aka-stately-tarurus-activity-observed-in-southeast-asia Broadcom
- https://research.checkpoint.com/2023/the-dragon-who-sold-his-camaro-analyzing-custom-router-implant/ HorseShell
- https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019
- https://csirt-cti.net/2024/01/23/stately-taurus-targets-myanmar/ CSIRT CTI MUSTANG PANDA PUBLOAD TONESHELL JAN 2024
- https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/media/1384136/dl DOJ Affidavit Search and Seizure PlugX December 2024
- https://blog.eclecticiq.com/mustang-panda-apt-group-uses-european-commission-themed-lure-to-deliver-plugx-malware EclecticIQ Mustang Panda PlugX
- https://www.ibm.com/think/x-force/hive0154-mustang-panda-shifts-focus-tibetan-community-deploy-pubload-backdoor IBM MUSTANG PANDA PUBLOAD CLAIMLOADER JUNE 2025
- https://www.ibm.com/think/x-force/hive0154-targeting-us-philippines-pakistan-taiwan 2025_IBM_PUBLOAD_TONESHELL_HIUPAN_CLAIMLOADER_MUSTANG PANDA
- https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020
- https://www.attackiq.com/2023/03/23/emulating-the-politically-motivated-chinese-apt-mustang-panda/ ATTACKIQ MUSTANG PANDA TONESHELL March 2023
- https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/i/earth-preta-new-malware-and-strategies.html Trend Micro MUSTANG PANDA PUBLOAD HIUPAN SEPTEMBER 2024
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/stately-taurus-attacks-se-asian-government/ Palo Alto Unit42 STATELY TAURUS TONESHELL September 2023
- https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-june-mustang-panda/ Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/unified-secops-platform/microsoft-threat-actor-naming Microsoft Naming Conventions Frequently Updated
- https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/b/earth-preta-mixes-legitimate-and-malicious-components-to-sidestep-detection.html Trend Micro Mustang Panda Earth Preta Toneshell February 2025
- https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/k/earth-preta-spear-phishing-governments-worldwide.html 2022 November_TrendMicro_Earth Preta_Toneshell_Pubload
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/prc-nexus-espionage-targets-diplomats Google Threat Intelligence Group MUSTANG PANDA PLUGX August 2025
- https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta416-goes-ground-and-returns-golang-plugx-malware-loader Proofpoint TA416 November 2020
- https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/pwc-cyber-threats-2020-a-year-in-retrospect.pdf PWC UK MUSTANG PANDA RED LICH February 2021
- https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/good-bad-and-web-bug-ta416-increases-operational-tempo-against-european Proofpoint TA416 Europe March 2022
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bookworm-trojan-a-model-of-modular-architecture/ Unit42 Bookworm Nov2015
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/stately-taurus-uses-bookworm-malware/ Palo Alto Networks, Unit 42
- https://www.secureworks.com/blog/bronze-president-targets-russian-speakers-with-updated-plugx Sophos PlugX September 2022
- https://www.secureworks.com/blog/bronze-president-targets-government-officials Sophos Mustang Panda PLUGX
- https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/latest-mustang-panda-arsenal-toneshell-and-starproxy-p1 Zscaler
- https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/23/f/behind-the-scenes-unveiling-the-hidden-workings-of-earth-preta.html Trend Micro Mustang Panda Earth Preta TONESHELL June 2023
- https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2022/10/mustang-panda-abuses-legitimate-apps-to-target-myanmar-based-victims BlackBerry MUSTANG PANDA October 2022
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/stately-taurus-abuses-vscode-southeast-asian-espionage/ Unit42 Chinese VSCode 06 September 2024